澳洲工作證
Immigration and Work Permits
The Temporary Skill Shortage (TSS) visa (subclass 482) is designed to help employers address workplace shortages when they cannot source an appropriately skilled Australian. The TSS visa consists of two streams: the Short-term Skilled Occupation List (STSOL), which is valid for two years, and the Medium and Long-Term Strategic Skills List (MLTSSL), which is valid for four years.
臨時技能短缺（TSS）簽證（482類）旨在幫助雇主，在無法找到合適技能的澳大利亞人時，解決工作場所短缺的問題。
TSS簽證分為兩類：短期技能職業清單（STSOL），有效期為兩年；以及中長期策略技能清單（MLTSSL），有效期為四年。
Employers must be approved as a Standard Business Sponsor in order to employ a TSS visa holder. Applicants for the TSS visa must have at least two years of work experience and meet English language requirements. Employers must demonstrate that they have tested the labor market and ensure that the salary for the position meets minimum thresholds.
雇主必須被批准為標準商業贊助商才能僱用TSS簽證持有人。
TSS簽證的申請人必須具有至少兩年的工作經驗並符合英語語言要求。
雇主也必須證明他們已經測試了勞動力市場，並確保該職位的工資達到最低門檻。
TSS簽證的申請人必須具有至少兩年的工作經驗並符合英語語言要求。
雇主也必須證明他們已經測試了勞動力市場，並確保該職位的工資達到最低門檻。
Employers must observe the following labor market testing guidelines:
• at least two advertisements must be placed, in English, for at least 28 days, not longer than four months before submitting the visa application; and
• the advertisements must contain the position title, job description, skills required for the position, name of the business, and salary (if this is below the high-income threshold).
雇主必須遵守以下勞動力市場測試指南：
•在遞交簽證申請之前，必須至少用英語刊登兩個廣告至少28天，不超過四個月；和
•所刊登廣告必須包含職位名稱，職位描述，該職位所需的技能，公司名稱和薪水（如果低於高收入門檻）。
•在遞交簽證申請之前，必須至少用英語刊登兩個廣告至少28天，不超過四個月；和
•所刊登廣告必須包含職位名稱，職位描述，該職位所需的技能，公司名稱和薪水（如果低於高收入門檻）。
Labor market testing is not required in cases where the employee:
• is an intra-company transferee;
• earns at least A$250,000;
• is in a position that requires internationally recognized skills in sport, academia, or cuisine; or
• is a medical practitioner or ambulance officer/paramedic.
•公司內部的受讓人；
•賺取至少250,000澳元；
•處於需要國際公認的體育，學術或美食技能的職位；
•或是醫生或救護人員/護理人員。
•賺取至少250,000澳元；
•處於需要國際公認的體育，學術或美食技能的職位；
•或是醫生或救護人員/護理人員。
The Employer Nomination Scheme allows employers to nominate skilled foreign employees to work in Australia on a Subclass 186 permanent residence visa. Applicants for permanent visas must achieve a score of 6 or higher in each component of the International Language Testing System (IELTS) or equivalent test. All applicants for permanent visas must be under 45 years old and have at least three years’ work experience.
雇主提名計劃允許雇主提名擁有186分類別永久居留簽證在澳大利亞工作的熟練外國僱員。
永久簽證的申請人必須在國際語言測試系統（IELTS）或同等測試的每個部分中得分達到6分或更高。
所有永久簽證申請人必須年滿45歲且具有至少三年的工作經驗。
Individuals who are at least 18 but not yet 31 years of age may apply for a working holiday visa (Subclass 417), which allows them to work for one employer for up to six months.
至少年滿18歲但尚未年滿31歲的個人可以申請打工度假簽證（417類），該簽證可以為一個雇主工作最多六個月。
Effective November 1, 2019, the government is introducing a new provisional a skilled employer-sponsored regional visa, valid for five years, which will require sponsorship by an employer in a regional area. The visa will have priority processing and a list of around 700 occupations that can be sponsored.
自2019年11月1日起，政府引入新的偏遠地區雇主擔保簽證，有效期為五年，這將需要由雇主在偏遠地區擔保。
此簽證將得到優先處理，並列出大約700個可以擔保的職業。
此簽證將得到優先處理，並列出大約700個可以擔保的職業。
The majority of working visas allow foreign nationals to include their family members as applicants on their application.
大多數工作簽證允許外國公民在申請中包括其家庭成員作為申請人。
Employers who sponsor foreign workers must pay a visa tax. Establishments with turnover of less than A$10 million per year are required to:
• pay A$1,200 per year for each employee they sponsor on a temporary visa and
• make a one-time payment of A$3,000 for each employee they sponsor on a permanent visa.
擔保外國勞工的雇主必須支付簽證稅。年營業額少於1000萬澳元的機構必須：
•每年為他們贊助的每位臨時簽證員工支付1200澳元，
•為他們通過永久簽證擔保的每位員工一次性支付3,000澳元。
•為他們通過永久簽證擔保的每位員工一次性支付3,000澳元。
Employers with turnover of more than A$10 million per year must:
• pay A$1,800 per year for each employee they sponsor on a temporary visa and
• make a one-time payment of A$5,000 for each employee they sponsor on a permanent visa.
年營業額超過1000萬澳元的雇主必須：
•每年為他們贊助的每位臨時簽證員工支付1800澳元，
•為他們通過永久簽證擔保的每位員工一次性支付5,000澳元。
Under amendments to the Migration Act 1958, it is a crime for employers, labor suppliers, or other persons to knowingly allow a noncitizen who doesn’t have a visa or has violated the conditions of a visa to work or to refer such a person to another employer.
根據1958年《移民法》的修正案，雇主，勞務提供者或其他人，故意允許沒有簽證或違反簽證條件的非公民工作或將其轉介給另一雇主，這是犯罪行為。
Further amendments to the act introduced new and higher penalties. For instance, an employer can be fined even if it employed the worker without knowledge that the worker was undocumented. The employer is liable for a civil penalty of up to A$15,300 if an individual and A$76,500 if a corporation. The penalty increases to A$20,400 and/or two years’ imprisonment for an individual and A$102,000 for a corporation if the employer acted with knowledge of the worker’s lack of documentation. If an unlawful worker is being exploited through forced labor or sexual servitude, the maximum penalties are increased.
該法案的進一步修訂引入了新的更高的刑罰。 例如，即使雇主在不知道該工人沒有證件的情況下僱用該工人，也可能被罰款。雇主對個人處以最高15,300澳元的民事罰款，對公司處以76,500澳元的民事罰款。如果雇主在知道工人缺乏文件的情況下行事，則對個人的罰款將增加至20,400澳元和/或監禁兩年，對公司的罰款將增加102,000澳元。如果通過強迫勞動或性奴役剝削非法勞工，最高刑罰將增加。
Visas and Work Permits: Fact Sheet on Reforms to the 457 Visa
Penalties: Migration Act 1958, No. 62
